Sample DBQs

French and Indian War DBQ
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap04_frq_ushistory_36180.pdf

American Revolution DBQ
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/_ap05_frq_us_history_45555.pdf

Federalists v. Democratic-Republicans

Federalist Party
Originated from support of the Constitution (Federalist Papers)
Nominated John Adams for President in 1796
Died as a result of Hamilton’s death in 1804 and the Hartford Convention (1814) during the War of 1812, Beginnings of the brief one-party system under Monroe (Era of Good Feelings?)
Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Supported a strong central govt.
Pro-British
Large peacetime army and navy
(Success)Aid to business, national bank, tariffs to support infant industries, (Hamilton’s Economic System)
Northern businessmen and large landowners (commercial classes)
Particularly strong in New England
Distrust of the masses

Democratic-Republican Party
Absorbed many traits of the Anti-Federalist Party
Transformed into the Democratic Party under Andrew Jackson in the 1830’s
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Strict interpretation of the Constitution (Did Jefferson live up to these ideals?)
Weak central govt. (power given to states)
Pro-French
Small peacetime army and navy
Favored agriculture, no national bank, opposed tariffs
Skilled workers, small farmers, plantation owners
Strong in the South and West, aided by Louisiana Purchase in 1803

American Revolution and the War of 1812

American Revolution (1775-1783)
Causes: Taxation of colonies following the French and Indian War which reversed the British policy of salutary neglect
Began: British shots fired at Lexington & Concord in April 1775
US Leaders: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, Nathanael Greene, Horatio Gates, Francis Marion, John Burgoyne, George Rogers Clark
British Leaders: King George III, Charles Cornwallis, Thomas Gage, William Howe
Battles: Bunker Hill, Princeton, Trenton, Saratoga, Kings Mountain, Cowpens, Yorktown
Outcome: Treaty of Paris- British recognized existence of the US as an independent nation, Mississippi River would be its western boundary, Americans would have fishing rights off the Canadian coast, American would pay debts owned to the British merchants and Loyalists claims for confiscated property
Legacy: Declaration of Independence, US wavers under the weak Articles of Confederation that led the creation of our Constitution
US Deaths: 6824


War of 1812 (1812-1815)
Causes: Continued British violation of US neutrality rights as sea, trouble with the British and Indians on the western frontier, rise of the War Hawks from the South & West
US President: James Madison
US Leaders: Oliver Hazard Perry, William Henry Harrison (Tippecanoe), Thomas MacDonough, Andrew Jackson (Old Hickory)
Battles: Invasion of Canada, Lake Erie, Thames, Lake Champlain, Horseshoe Bend, New Orleans, Fort McHenry, Invasion of Washington, DC
Outcome: Treaty of Ghent- Halted fighting, returned all conquered territory to prewar claimant, recognized the prewar boundary between Canada and the US
Legacy: US gained respect of other nations, US came to accept Canada as a neighbor and a part of the British Empire, Federalist Party ended due to actions at the Hartford Convention, talk of succession and disunion set a precedent later used by the South, Indians forced to surrender large areas to white settlements, US took a big step toward self-sufficiency due to British naval blockade, war heroes would emerge as the new generation of political leaders, strong feeling of American nationalism and a growing belief that the future lay in the West away from Europe
US Deaths: 2260

Chapter 7 Terms

Chapter 7: Age of Jefferson
Jefferson’s Inaugural Address
Thomas Jefferson
National Bank
Debt-repayment plan
Neutrality
Military spending
Federal jobs
Excise Tax
National Debt
Political Patronage
Napoleon
Toussaint L’Ouverture (Haiti)
Right of deposit
Louisiana Purchase
Strict Construction
Agrarian Society
Louis & Clark Expedition
John Marshall
Midnight Judges
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Judicial Review
Judicial impeachments
Samuel Chase
Election of 1804
“Quids”
Aaron Burr
Secession Conspiracy
“The Duel”
Burr’s Treason Trial
Barbary Pirates
Napoleonic Wars
Blockades
Impressment
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Embargo Act of 1807
“OGRABME”
Merchant Marine
Election of 1808
James Madison
Nonintercourse Act of 1909
Macon’s Bill No. 10
Napoleon’s deception
Causes of the War
Free seas & trade
Impressment
Frontier Pressures
Tecumseh & Prophet
William Henry Harrison
Battle of Tippecancoe
War Hawks
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
Declaration of War
Election of 1812
War of 1812 (Mr. Madison’s War)
Opposition to War
New England merchants
Federalists
Quids
Invasion of Canada
Constitution (Old Ironsides)
Privateers
English naval blockade
Oliver Hazard Perry
Thomas MacDonough
Burning of Washington, DC
Francis Scott Key
Andrew Jackson
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Creek Nation
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Hartford Convention
Secession
War of 1812 Legacy (see pg. 132)
Nationalism
Second War of Independence

Jefferson, the War of 1812, Era of Good Feelings (Very Important)

Significance of Jefferson’s President (Did he live up to Democratic-Republican ideals? Was the Election of 1800 Revolutionary?)
-Kept much of Hamilton’s Economic System but repealed the excise taxes, continued Neutrality, Reduced the size of the military, eliminated federal jobs, lowed govt. spending
-Louisiana Purchase (Lewis & Clark), was it constitutional?, Judicial Impeachments of Federalist judges, Barbury Pirates, Embargo Act (dealing with British/French War), Marbury v. Madison (judicial review), Marshall Court (federal over state power/nationalistic)
Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West
-Southerners needed new land for cotton, improved transportation, cheap and available land, Louisiana Purchase led to sectionalism (Missouri Compromise), acquisition of Native American lands from War of 1812, Purchase of Florida (1819) stemming from Jackson’ raids into this Spanish territory
Native-American resistance
-Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Jackson defeats Creeks which opens up lands for new settlers), Pinckney Treaty with Spain opens up Mississippi Valley, General Anthony Wayne defeats tribes of the Ohio Valley (Treaty of Greenville) which open up Ohio Valley, William Henry Harrison defeats Prophet and Tecumseh at Battle of Thames and Tippecanoe (Indians forced to move west)
Growth of slavery and free Black Communities
-Slavery supported by Jefferson, cotton needed new lands to expand, rise of free blacks in the North and South (voluntary manumission by slaveowners)
The War of 1812 and its consequences
-Causes: War Hawks of the South and West (Calhoun and Clay) supported the war while New Englanders disliked it (Hartford Convention), impressment of US sailors, British incitement of Indians on the Western frontier, British troops not leaving posts on western frontier, Madison siding with French after Macon’s Bill
-Events: Invasion of Canada, Burning of Washington, Star Spangled Banner, Battle of New Orleans, Treaty of Ghent (ended the war)
-Significance: Federalist Party dies (Hartford Convention-set precedence for nullification and secession), Accepted Canada, Now a great power (survived two war with the greatest power), Native Americans surrendered large areas of land in the Ohio Valley and Mississippi Valley, Americans became more industrial self-sufficient, War heroes: Harrison and Jackson, future presidents, ushered in an Era of Good Feelings
Era of Good Feelings (rise of nationalism)
-Cultural Nationalism: nationalistic authors (James Fenimore Cooper), Painters (Stuart, Trumball, Peale)
-Economic Nationalism: Tariff of 1816, Clay’s American System of the 1820s (sought rise in federal govts. power), better transportation systems (canals, turnpikes, steamboats, railroads)
-Political Nationalism; The Marshall Court, Monroe Doctrine, One-Party System, Purchase of Florida
Not an Era of Good Feelings (rise of sectionalism)
-Panic of 1819, Missouri Compromise, Two-party system (Whigs v. Democrats) began to emerge following Corrupt Bargain of 1824, Indian Resistance, Slavery Revolt (Stono Rebellion,Denmark Vessey)

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)
“We are all Republican, we are all Federalists”
President of the gentleman farmer

-Maintained National Bank, Hamilton’s economic program of debt reduction, and carried on neutrality of both Washington & Adams (all characteristics of Federalists)
-Reduced size of military, eliminated federal jobs, repealed excise tax, lowered national debt (all characteristics of Democratic Republicans)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)
-Despite commitment to strict interpretation of the Constitution, he supported the purchase agreement (Federalist ideal)
-Strengthened his hopes on a future based on an agrarian society of independent farmers (D-R ideal)

Judicial Impeachment
-Despite Chief Justice John Marshall, a staunch Federalist, leading the Supreme Court (Marbury v. Madison, 1803), Jefferson supported a campaign of impeachment to remove partisan Federalist judges including Supreme Court judge, Samuel Chase. His attempts failed but caused Federalist judges to be less partisan.

Barbury Pirates
-Jefferson sent a small fleet of US ships to combat the higher bribes placed on the US by the Barbury states of North Africa. (Federalist ideal of strong executive power)

Challenge to US neutrality
-Jefferson attempted to adhere to the neutrality policy of Washington and Adams.
-Despite his support for the French (D-R ideal), both France and Britain blockaded enemy ports and regularly seized the ships of neutral nations, confiscating their cargoes due to the current Napoleonic Wars.
-As an alternative to war, Jefferson supported the Embargo Act (1807), prohibiting any American merchant ship from sailing to any foreign port.
-His action brought economic hardship to the US, especially New England.
-After its repeal, US ships could finally trade with other nations except Britain and France (Nonintercourse Act)
(All Federalist ideals of strong executive power)

Washington's Farewell Address

http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/farewell/

The above website should help you in with the essay contest question. Start formulating your response. This will be due on October 18. 
IN HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS IN PHILADELPHIA IN 1776, GEORGE WASHINGTON WARNED AGAINST THE ADVENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN NATIONS WITH POPULACE-ELECTED GOVERNMENTS. DO YOU BELIEVE OUR NATION'S HISTORY SUPPORTS HIS VIEWS? EXPLAIN.

We worship Jefferson, but we have become Hamilton's America

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1071513/posts

Washington, Adams, and Jefferson: Fact Sheet

George Washington:

• First president to implement the new Constitution, setting many precedents • Served only two terms; Cincinnatus symbol and republican ideal — government based on republican principles • Rejected monarchical titles • His stature reassured Americans about the new government • Supported the Bill of Rights • Appointed Cabinet members (War, State, Treasury, Attorney General) and members of the

Supreme Court • Supported Hamilton’s financial plan on funding, revenues, creation of Bank of the United States,

assumption of state debts • Accepted compromise on location of national capitol to assure implementation of assumption of

state debts • Generally supported broad (Federalist) interpretation of the Constitution and a strong federal government • “Proclamation of Neutrality,” choosing not to honor the French treaty of 1778; skillful handling of the Citizen Genet affair • Supported Jay Treaty to resolve conflict with Great Britain • Supported Pinckney Treaty to keep open access to Mississippi River • Remained aloof from party politics, condemning party factionalism • Put down Whiskey Rebellion and enforced collection of federal excise taxes • Sent troops into Old Northwest to control Indians on frontier • Actions in office put constitutional principles into practice • Took seriously the concept of separation of powers and took care to implement it • Farewell Address urged disentanglement and condemned parties • No major blunders or scandals during his presidency

John Adams:

• Served two terms as Vice-President • Succeeded Washington as President • Supported broad interpretation of the Constitution and a strong central government • Urged funding for military preparedness; built up US navy • Sought to avoid full-scale war with France: XYZ Affair and Convention of 1800 • Continued Hamilton’s fiscal policies • Tried to control cabinet officials and partisan extremists • Accepted defeat and took part in peaceful transition of power: “Revolution of 1800” • Alien and Sedition Acts may be mentioned as an example of threatening governmental stability • The appointment of John Marshall as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court is a valid example of stabilizing the new government IF his long-term impact is noted..

Thomas Jefferson:

• Served as Secretary of State under Washington, 1789-1794 • Urged strict interpretation of the Constitution in the 1790s, yet proved to be flexible when in power as president • Helped organize one of the first political parties, Democratic Republicans, and would subsequently

provide leadership of the party as president • Supported states rights and limited national government • Elected Vice-President in 1796 • Opposed Alien and Sedition Acts and wrote Kentucky Resolutions condemning acts as unconstitutional

and an abuse of republicanism • Assumed presidency in 1801 in vital, peaceful transition of power • Set example of simple, modest “republican” presidency • Inaugural address urged reconciliation of political parties and set forth democratic republican principles • Limited use of spoils system; did not dismiss all Federalists currently in government • Restored naturalization law of five years; urged repeal of remaining sections of Alien and Sedition Acts, and pardoned those convicted under remaining sections • Continued most of Hamilton’s financial programs in terms of limited import duties, payment of national debt, land sales, and the national bank • Reduced military expenditures and other government expenses, as well as direct taxes; objective was a more frugal government • Purchased Louisiana Territory to reduce foreign threat in the West and on the Mississippi, part of the ideal of the Empire of Liberty and the creation of an agrarian republic • Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the nation, involving broad interpretation of powers allowed the federal government by the Constitution • Truce with the Barbary pirates following successful military action, which led to greater economic stability and expanded trade in the Mediterranean • Accepted decisions of the Federalist (Marshall) U.S. Supreme Court • Sponsored the Lewis and Clark expedition for multiple purposes — an example of a broad use of presidential power • Economic coercion policies, such as the Embargo Acts — kept the U.S. out of war but could also be seen as destabilizing because it polarized New England Federalists

This Date in History-Sept 22

September 22: General Interest
1862 : Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation

On this day in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which sets a date for the freedom of more than 3 million black slaves in the United States and recasts the Civil War as a fight against slavery.

When the Civil War broke out in 1861, shortly after Lincoln's inauguration as America's 16th president, he maintained that the war was about restoring the Union and not about slavery. He avoided issuing an anti-slavery proclamation immediately, despite the urgings of abolitionists and radical Republicans, as well as his personal belief that slavery was morally repugnant. Instead, Lincoln chose to move cautiously until he could gain wide support from the public for such a measure.

In July 1862, Lincoln informed his cabinet that he would issue an emancipation proclamation but that it would exempt the so-called border states, which had slaveholders but remained loyal to the Union. His cabinet persuaded him not to make the announcement until after a Union victory. Lincoln's opportunity came following the Union win at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. On September 22, the president announced that slaves in areas still in rebellion within 100 days would be free.

On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation, which declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebel states "are, and henceforward shall be free." The proclamation also called for the recruitment and establishment of black military units among the Union forces. An estimated 180,000 African Americans went on to serve in the army, while another 18,000 served in the navy.

After the Emancipation Proclamation, backing the Confederacy was seen as favoring slavery. It became impossible for anti-slavery nations such as Great Britain and France, who had been friendly to the Confederacy, to get involved on behalf of the South. The proclamation also unified and strengthened Lincoln's party, the Republicans, helping them stay in power for the next two decades.

The proclamation was a presidential order and not a law passed by Congress, so Lincoln then pushed for an antislavery amendment to the U.S. Constitution to ensure its permanence. With the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, slavery was eliminated throughout America (although blacks would face another century of struggle before they truly began to gain equal rights).

Lincoln's handwritten draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation was destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871. Today, the original official version of the document is housed in the National Archives in Washington, D.C.